Criminal law is typically defined by statutes, which classify crimes according to their severity. The main categories within the legal system are felonies, misdemeanors, and infractions.

 

Felonies are the most serious type of crime and can lead to state prison sentences or even the death penalty. Examples of felonies include murder, robbery, rape, arson, and drug trafficking.

 

Misdemeanors are less serious than felonies and usually result in county jail time or fines. Examples of misdemeanors include minor theft, vandalism, some property crimes, and disorderly conduct.

 

Infractions, also known as citations, are the least severe offenses and are typically punished with fines rather than jail time. Examples include minor traffic violations, jaywalking, littering, and public disorder.

 

Crimes can also be categorized by degrees, which further specify their severity. The degree of a crime is determined by factors such as the harm caused, the offender's intent, and their criminal history.

 

For example, first-degree murder is the most serious type, involving intent and premeditation. Second-degree murder, on the other hand, does not require premeditation and can be established by demonstrating malice or reckless disregard for human life.